Temperature required for hatching chicks

The development of chicken embryo depends on the nutrients in the egg and suitable external conditions. Therefore, in order to obtain higher hatching rate and high-quality chicks, we should strictly control the temperature, humidity, ventilation, flipping and cooling of eggs according to the law of embryo development during hatching.
Temperature is the most important condition for hatching. Only by ensuring the appropriate temperature for the normal development of embryos can we obtain a higher hatching rate and healthy hatching rate.
1、 Suitable temperature
Under the premise that the ambient temperature is controlled, such as 24~26 ℃, the optimum temperature of the incubator is about 37.8 ℃, and the optimum temperature of the hatching machine is 37~37.5 ℃; If the room temperature is not suitable, the incubation temperature can change from 0.5 to 1 ℃.
2、 High temperature effect
High temperature accelerated embryo development and shortened incubation period, but the mortality increased and the quality of chicks decreased. According to data, the hatching rate of 16-day-old embryo eggs decreased slightly after 24 hours at 40.5 ℃; At 43 ℃, the hatching rate decreased significantly after 6 hours, and the decline was more obvious after 9 hours; After 3 hours at 46.0 ℃ or 1 hour at 48.5 ℃, all embryos will die.
3、 Low temperature effect
At low temperature, embryo development is delayed, incubation period is prolonged, and mortality is increased. For example, at 35.5 ℃, most embryos die in the shell. Short-term cooling has no adverse effect on incubation effect. Before incubation for 14 days, embryo development was greatly affected by temperature reduction. During the incubation process, it is necessary to prevent the embryo from hatching at low temperature at the early stage of development (1~7 days), and avoid high temperature during hatching (19~21 days).
4、 Variable-temperature incubation and thermostatic incubation
Constant temperature incubation is used for batch incubation, and constant temperature incubation is mostly used for tunnel incubators; The whole batch is incubated at variable temperature, and the box-type incubator is mostly incubated at variable temperature.
1. Variable temperature incubation
Different incubation temperatures are given according to different incubator, incubator temperature and chicken embryo age. When the temperature of the incubator is 22~26 ℃ and the humidity is 50%~60%, the incubator temperature is 37.8 ℃ at the time of 1-5 days, 37.6 ℃ at the time of 5-11 days, 37.4 ℃ at the time of 11-15 days, 37.2 ℃ at the time of 15-19 days, and 37.0 ℃ at the time of 19-21 days.
2. Thermostatic incubation
Constant temperature incubation method is mainly an incubation method to adapt to batch incubation. The same incubator is equipped with seed eggs of different embryo ages. The excess heat released by the large embryo age seed eggs can be absorbed by the small embryo age seed eggs. The two complement each other, making full use of metabolic heat and improving the incubation rate. If batch incubation is adopted, that is, the incubator has multiple embryo age eggs, the eggs should be hatched every 5 to 7 days. It is better to stagger the trays of "new eggs" and "old eggs", and adjust the temperature to keep the temperature constant throughout the incubation period.
5、 Temperature regulation
The optimum incubation temperature varies slightly with the incubation stage, variety, egg weight, machine performance, season, room temperature, etc. The principle of temperature regulation is to let the embryo grow step by step according to the law of growth and development, neither because the temperature is too high, the embryo grows and develops too fast; Do not slow the growth and development of embryos because of the low temperature. During the incubation process, observe the characteristics of the embryo through the examination of the embryo, especially by observing the development speed of the embryo at three key time points, namely, 5 days' "black eye", 10 days' "closing" and 17 days' "closing", to determine whether the temperature is appropriate, and make timely adjustments and changes. In addition, it is required that the temperature of all parts of the incubator should be as consistent as possible, so that the hatching can be more orderly and consistent.