The difference between ultrasonic welding and laser welding

The difference between ultrasonic welding and laser welding

1. Laser welding

The working principle of laser welding is to use a polarizing mirror to reflect the light beam generated by the laser, concentrate it in the focusing device, and generate a huge beam of light. After a pulse, the laser can be instantly emitted, and the focus can reach thousands of degrees Celsius. It will melt and evaporate the metal material in a few milliseconds.

Laser welding is a non-contact welding that can transmit a very long distance before being highly concentrated to provide functions such as welding, cutting, and heat treatment. The advantage is that it does not require pressure on the welded parts, reducing the probability of overall deformation and allowing for minimal damage to the surface of the heat absorbing coating. The disadvantage is that it can cause changes in the physical structure of the welded object, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength and affecting thermal conductivity.

The difference between ultrasonic welding and laser welding (Figure 1)

2. Ultrasonic welding

The working principle of ultrasonic welding is to use high-frequency mechanical vibration of ultrasonic waves to generate high-density energy, which causes plastic deformation on the surface of the workpiece and destroys the surface layer under pressure, making the welded metal biologically connected at room temperature. Although ultrasonic welding can damage about 3% of the film layer, due to the continuous non melting welding, the thermal conductivity efficiency is relatively good. In addition, ultrasonic welding has certain advantages in material cost, as it is suitable for welding thin products. The mainstream copper plate products in the international market are usually between 0.12mm-0.2mm. Some companies consider the cost of materials and choose to use aluminum plates, so ultrasonic welding can choose 0.2-0.3mm. Laser welding is suitable for welding thicker materials. If aluminum plates are selected, the thickness is usually chosen as 0.4mm, so the material cost will be relatively high.

In summary, both welding techniques have their own strengths, and enterprises can choose more suitable equipment according to their actual needs.

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