Under the influence of external factors, all materials will make corresponding and characteristic responses.

Under the influence of external factors, all materials will make corresponding and characteristic responses.

Among them, those materials that are most sensitive to external effects, that is, those with functional characteristics, are used to make the sensor's sensitive components. From the point of view of applied materials, sensors can be divided into the following categories:

(1) According to the types of materials used: metals, polymers, ceramics, mixtures

(2) According to the physical properties of materials: conductors, insulators, semiconductors, magnetic materials

(3) According to the crystal structure of the material: single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous materials

Based on its output signal, the sensors can be divided into:

Analog sensor-convert the measured non-electrical quantity into an analog electric signal.

Digital sensor-convert the measured non-electrical quantity into a digital output signal (including direct and indirect conversion).

Fake digital sensor-the output that converts the measured signal amount into a frequency signal or short-period signal (including direct or indirect conversion).

Switch sensor-when a measured signal reaches a certain threshold, the sensor correspondingly outputs a set low or high level signal.

According to its principle, sensors can be classified

Vibration sensor Humidity sensor

Magnetic sensor Gas sensor

Vacuum sensor  biological sensor, etc.

Sensor classification can be divided into two categories: physical sensors and chemical sensors:

Classification of sensor working principle Physical sensors apply physical effects, such as piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization, polarization, pyroelectric, photoelectric, magnetoelectric and other effects. Small changes in the measured signal volume will be converted into electrical signals.

Chemical sensors include those that take chemical adsorption, electrochemical reactions and other phenomena as causal relationships. Small changes in the measured signal will also be converted into electrical signals.

Some sensors can neither be classified into physical or chemical categories. Most sensors operate on the basis of physical principles. There are many technical problems with chemical sensors, such as reliability issues, the possibility of mass production, price issues, etc. If such problems are solved, the application of chemical sensors will increase tremendously.

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