What damage will unstable power supply cause to ceramic infrared heaters?

Unstable power supply can cause many damages to ceramic infrared heaters, mainly including the following aspects:
Heating element damage
Local overheating: When the power supply voltage rises instantly, the heating element of the ceramic infrared heater will pass a larger current, causing the local temperature to rise sharply. This overheating may cause cracks in the ceramic material of the heating element, destroy its internal structure, and then affect the heating effect, and even cause the heating element to fail to work properly.
Accelerated aging: The power supply voltage fluctuates frequently, and the heating element will repeatedly withstand changes in current and temperature, accelerating its aging process. Just as people are prone to premature aging in a tense and stressful environment for a long time, the heating element will prematurely experience problems such as performance degradation and increased resistance, shortening its service life.
Control system failure
Damaged electronic components: The control system of the ceramic infrared heater contains many electronic components, such as capacitors, resistors, chips, etc. High-frequency interference or unstable voltage in the power supply may cause these electronic components to be subjected to excessive voltage or current, causing them to be damaged. For example, the capacitor may break down due to overvoltage, and the chip may have logical errors due to power supply noise, which will make the control system unable to work properly.
Decrease in control accuracy: Unstable power supply will affect the control system's precise control of the heating temperature. There may be a large deviation between the actual temperature and the set temperature, which cannot meet the process requirements of automobile manufacturing and other processes with high heating accuracy. Long-term control accuracy reduction may also lead to unstable product quality and increase the defective rate.
Reduced insulation performance
Aging of insulation materials: Temperature fluctuations caused by unstable power supply will affect the insulation materials of ceramic infrared heaters. Under the repeated thermal expansion and contraction, the insulation material will accelerate aging, causing its insulation performance to gradually decrease. When the insulation performance drops to a certain level, leakage may occur, which will not only damage the equipment, but also threaten the safety of the operator.
Insulation breakdown: Excessive voltage may directly break through the insulation material, causing current leakage. This will destroy the electrical performance of the heater, making it unable to work properly, and may cause more serious faults such as short circuits, further damaging the equipment.